|
|
Alternate- leaves arranged one leaf per node (singly)
Angiosperm- a plant in which the seeds are enclosed in the ovary (flowering)
Anther- part at the end of the stamen that contains pollen in one or more pollen sacs
Axis- the central petiole-like stalk of a compound leaf or flower cluster
Bark- outer covering of the trunk and branches of a tree
Bipinnately compound- twice pinnately compound; with leaflets coming from node-connected axis
Bisexual - with both male and female organs in one flower
Blade- the flat or expanded portion of a leaf
Bract- modified leaf near a flower or fruit, usually at the base
Bud- the enclosed beginning of a new branch/flower/leaf
Calyx- all of the sepals of a flower
Cambium- layer of living cells between the inner bark and sapwood (the cambium grows laterally)
Cell- a cavity in an ovary/fruit containing ovules/seeds respectively
Compound leaf- a leaf (from node) divided into smaller parts (leaflets)
Conifer- a cone-bearing tree (usually evergreen); Pinaceae
Corolla- all of the petals on a flower
Crown- the mass of branches, leaves, etc at the tree top (determines shape)
Cultivated- planted and maintained by man
Deciduous- not persistent (falling in winter season)
Dehiscent- a fruit splitting apart along a groove
Dicot- a plant with 2 cotyledons
Dioecious- having the sexes on 2 different trees (“two houses”)
Doubly toothed- leaf edge with larger teeth with smaller teeth on them
Entire- with a smooth edge (no teeth/lobes)
Evergreen- persistent, with leaves throughout the winter season
Escaped- spread from cultivation and now growing and reproducing without aid
Filament-
thin stalk
of a stamen
(with anther
on
top)
Flower- reproductive structure with at least 1 pistil/stamen
Fruit- the mature ovary of a flower containing one or more seeds
Gland-dot- tiny dot-like gland/pore that usually secretes a fluid
Gymnosperm- a tree with naked seeds on the upper surface of the cone scales
Habit- (also Growth form)- shape of a plant
Heartwood- the dead interior wood of the trunks and large branches of trees
Hybrid- a plant with mixed parentage (2 species)
Indehiscent- a fruit that does not split open
Introduced- describes a plant that is not native (brought in by man)
Keel- a sharp ridge or rib on some fruits/seeds
Leader- the highest terminal shoot of a plant
Leaflet- one of the smaller leaf-like portions of a compound leaf
Leaf scar- (also Ring scar) the scar left on a twig when a leaf falls off
Midvein- (also midrib) the central vein of a leaf
Monocot- a plant with one cotyledon (grasses)
Monoecious- with both sexes in one plant (“one house”)
Native- occurring naturally (indigenous)
Naturalized- successfully established by man and reproducing naturally where not native
Needle- a very narrow leaf in pines, spruces, etc.
Node- a point on a shoot where a leaf, flower, bud, etc. is attached
Opposite- leaf, branches, buds, etc. on both sides at a node (in pairs)
Ovary- the enlarged base of the pistil with one or more ovules
Ovule- the small structure in an ovary cell that holds the egg/eggs; the ovule becomes a seed
Palmately- radiately lobed or compound ; radiating veins (not all from central midvein)
Petiole- the stalk of a leaf
Pinnately compound- compound leaf with the leaves along a common axis
Pinnately veined- with one midrib with branching smaller veins
Pistil- female flower structure with stigma + style + ovary
Pith- the soft innermost stem tissue
Resin- plant secretion that is insoluble in water and soluble in ether/alcohol
Ring scar- (also Leaf scar) ring-like scar left on a twig when a leaf falls off
Seed- fertilized and matured ovule containing a plant embryo
Sheath - a tubular envelope (such as at needle cluster base)
Sinus- the space between 2 leaf lobes; in Quercus (Fagaceae) leaves
Shoot- young growing twig/stem
Shrub- woody plant smaller than a tree with several stems/trunks from one base (a bush)
Spur- a short side twig
Stamen- male structure with the filament + anther
Stigma- tip of the pistil which receives pollen
Stipule- a leaf-like scale at the base of a leafstalk in some trees
Style- part of the pistil that is thin and elongated between the ovary and stigma
Treeline- upper limit of tree growth (timberline)
Tree- a woody plant with an erect perennial trunk at least 13 ft tall and 3 ft in diameter
Two-ranked- in two vertical rows
Unisexual- with only male or female parts in a flower
Veins- the rib-like vessels in a leaf which transport plant materials
Whorl- an arrangement of 3 or more leaves in a circle
Wood- the hard fibrous portion of a stem between the pith and the bark
Achene- a small, dry, seed-like fruit with a thin indehiscent covering
Acorn- a hard-shelled, 1-seeded oak nut with a scaly cup covering its base and usually a pointed tip; Quercus (Fagaceae)
Aggregate- a fruit developed from several ovaries but one flower; Magnolia- Magnolia gradiflora (Magnoliaceae)
Berry- a fleshy fruit with more than one seed
Capsule- a dry, thin-walled, dehiscent fruit with 2 or more seeds
Catkin- a compact drooping cluster of reduced, stalkless flowers (usually unisexual)
Cone- a conical fruit with seed-bearing, overlapping “cone-scales” around a central axis; male/female;
Drupe- a fleshy fruit with a central stone-like core that contains seeds
Follicle - a dry, 1-celled, dehiscent fruit
Key- a dry, 1-seeded winged fruit (also known as a samara)
Multiple fruit- a fused cluster of fruits each from a separate flower; Red Mulberry- Morus rubra (Moraceae)
Nut- a dry, 1-seeded fruit with a thick hard indehiscent shell
Nutlet- a small nutlike part of a compound fruit; Sycamore Platanus occidentalis (Platanaceae)
Pod- a dry, 1-celled dehiscent fruit with thicker walls than capsules
Pome- a fruit with a fleshy outer tissue and papery-walled inner chamber with seeds
Simple fruit- a fruit developed from a single ovary
Elliptical- about twice as long as wide and broadest at the middle
Lanceolate- “Lance-shaped”- several times longer than wide, pointed at tip and broadest near base
Linear- long and narrow with parallel side
Oblanceolate- reverse lanceolate (several times as long as wide, broadest at the tip, and pointed at the base)
Oblong- rounded with nearly parallel edges
Obovate- reverse oval (broader end near tip)
Ovate- oval-shaped with the broadest end at the base
Go
Home